Patent History Materials Index - ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS FOR 1886

Annual Report of the Commissioner of Patents to Congress for the Year ending December 31, 1885

Laid before the Senate by the President pro tempore February 15, 1886, ordered to lie on the table and be printed

Department of the Interior
United States Patent Office
Washington, January 30, 1886

To the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled:

Section 494 of the Revised Statutes makes it the duty of the Commissioner of Patents to "lay before Congress" an Annual Report, which shall exhibit, first, a detailed statement of all moneys received; second, a detailed statement of all expenditures for contingent and miscellaneous expenses; third, a list of all patents granted during the preceding year; fourth, a list of all patentees with their places of residence; fifth, a list of all patents which have been extended during the year; and, lastly, such other information of the condition of the Patent Office as may be useful to Congress or the public. Before proceeding with such detailed statements and lists, I desire, in pursuance of the last requirement above referred to, to call attention of Congress to a few topics relating to the condition of this Office, which, in my judgment, materially affect its interest and prosperity.

Room

My immediate predecessor in his last Annual Report called your attention to the fact of the "utter inadequacy of room and facility for conducting the business of the Patent Office." The same difficulties which were then pointed out by him still exist. I need hardly advert to the fact that when this building was constructed it was not intended to be occupied by the several bureaus of the Department of the Interior. At the present time about one-half of the room in this building is occupied by the force of the Patent Office. It is not extravagant to assert that every room in the building could be advantageously used today by this Bureau. In the first place, each one of the twenty eight examining divisions ought to have two separate rooms. The reason for this is manifest. The primary examiner is called upon frequently to consult with applicants and their counsel, and to listen to arguments more or less extended, which cannot be properly conducted in the same room where the work of examination is proceeding without seriously retarding such work.

By act of Congress, approved July 7, 1884, the Secretary of the Interior was authorized to rent buildings for the use of the Department. I respectfully suggest that some provision should be made by the present Congress authorizing the rental of a building or buildings for the occupancy of one or more of the bureaus of the Department of the Interior, or some portions thereof, and thereby secure room which seems to be indispensable to the proper conduct of the business of this Office.

The same sanitary condition which was so graphically pointed out by my predecessor in his above mentioned report still endangers the health of the employees of this office. I cannot refrain from urging upon Congress that it was never intended that this important Bureau, upon which so largely depend the material advancement and prosperity of the country, should be restricted in its facilities for doing business in order that a large sum might be added yearly to the net surplus in the Treasury of the United States standing to the credit of the Patent Office.

Official Gazette

On Tuesday of each week the patents are issued. On the same day this Office causes to be published an Official Gazette, containing, among other things, a list of such patents, accompanied by a transcript of the claims and illustration of the invention, the names and residence of the patentees, a list of designs patented, trade marks, and labels registered, and decisions in patent cases. This publication has become an indispensable adjunct to this Office, and has taken the place of the old Patent Office Report.

On the 18th day of May, 1872, a statute was passed authorizing each Senator and Representative to designate eight public libraries to which the Gazette should be sent without charge, and fixing its subscription price at not less than five dollars per year. At that time it was less than one half its present size and worth less than half its present value. Subsequent legislation leaves it at least very doubtful as to whether this law has not in effect been repealed. It it has been, then while the publication of the Gazette has been authorized in the several appropriation acts, its distribution has been for years past and is now without express authority of law. I have called attention to the probable repeal of this statute in order that Congress may take such action in relation to the distribution and price of the Gazette as, in their judgment, may seem proper.

In this connection I invite the attention of Congress to the fact that there has never been any provision of law by which this Office has been able to secure the report of any court decision. I respectfully submit that some provision should be made by which each of the federal courts should be required to furnish immediately to the Patent Office a certified copy of any judgment, decree, decision, or opinion hereafter made or filed in any patent case. The publication in the Gazette of such decisions, in addition to the present contents, would, in my judgment, add materially to its value and circulation, and would tend much toward securing an intelligent and uniform practice in the Office.

Photolithography

A very considerable portion of the amount of money which is appropriated year by year by Congress for the disbursements and expenses of the Patent Office is expended in securing a reproduction and illustration of each invention. At the present time the best known practical method of securing a comparatively cheap and absolutely accurate reproduction and illustration is by the art of photolithography. Formerly this result was accomplished by engraving, afterward by photography, and thereafter by the present system of photolithography, which has been built upon and added to little by little until the present high standard has been reached. Each succeeding year, as the law now stands, this work is let to contracting parties. For the purpose of preparing for this work of reproduction the original drawings are transmitted by the Office to the photolithographer. As soon as the proof sheet is prepared by him it is returned to this Office, where a careful comparison is made by the employees of the Office, who are required to make personal inspection of such work. Imperfect proof sheets must be returned and corrected immediately. It is of the utmost importance that this work should be done well and without delay. On Tuesday of each week every inventor in the country has the right to expect that the patent which is to issue to him will be signed and that the Gazette will be issued. In case a maximum issue is desired and prepared for the office, the contractor must see to it that there is no failure, and his force must be at all times adequate. For manifest reasons this work must be done in the city of Washington. It is not enough that the contracting parties should be responsible and solvent, but the work must not fail. While at the present time this important work is always faithfully, promptly, and efficiently performed, still under the present system in the hands of any contractor it is liable at any time in any year to fail. A recovery upon the contractor's bond of a sum for damages would be wholly inadequate. In my judgment, provision should be made by which the prompt and proper execution of this work should be absolutely secured, and I know of no way to accomplish such result unless the work be assumed and done by the Patent Office. At present the contractor is required to reproduce a large number of additional copies of each patent and illustration, which copies are kept on sale by this Office, and from which a substantial profit is derived. Should the Office assume and hereafter perform this work for itself, undoubtedly at the outset the expense would exceed somewhat the sum which is now paid to the contractor; but, on the other hand, absolute certainty of the permanent, faithful, and proper execution of the work would be secured. I feel no doubt whatever that this important part of the daily and orderly business of this Bureau should become a part of it, and be conducted and controlled entirely within this Office.

Laboratory

In connection with this subject I desire to call attention briefly to another imperative need of the Office. In view of the rapidly advancing importance of all inventions pertaining to electricity, it seems absolutely indispensable that suitable provision should be made for the proper testing of apparatus relating to this branch of invention. For this purpose within the court of this building the immense facilities could be provided. Several times since my incumbency of this Office I have felt compelled to permit, and have permitted, the examiner in charge of this class to leave his Office and go a long distance to witness experiments which could not, for want of room and apparatus, be attempted at home.

Increase of Force

There are no employees in the service of the Government who labor more faithfully and diligently than the examining force of this Office. It is well understood that the Patent Office has never been a burden upon the treasury of the Government. On the contrary, it pays a large excess year by year into the Treasury. The examining corps is wholly insufficient to perform the important duties devolving upon it. For manifest reasons, applications for inventions should be acted upon promptly, speedily, and intelligently. At the same time I cannot safely urge upon examiners the necessity of expedition. Nothing is easier than for an examiner to pass a case without critical examination. Almost daily I am constrained to urge upon the examiners the diligence and labor necessary to keep up as nearly as may be with the rapidly accumulating work, and at the same time to see to it that no case passes their inspection without critical investigation. The Office needs an addition of two principal examiners, four first, eight second, eleven third, and fifteen fourth assistant examiners. The need of more help in this important work is imperative, and I urgently ask that it be furnished. I respectfully call attention to page 57 of the last printed report of the Secretary of the Interior upon this subject. The Office is also in need of a skillful officer to have charge of the reception of applications, and who might be called an "application clerk." Such clerk should be paid a salary of $2,000. We also need an increase of two clerks of class three and one skilled stenographer at a salary of $1,600 per annum. We also ought to have an increase of two clerks in class two. I think the good of the service further demands the employment of twenty eight examiners' clerks at $1,200 each, and of one messenger at $840.

No provision of law is made for the employment of messengers in this Office. I respectfully ask that provision be made for the employment of twenty five messenger boys at a compensation of $360 per year. Such boys would be very serviceable, and would relieve men receiving much larger salaries from all messenger and errand work, and, indeed, work which is frequently done by the examiners themselves.

Increase in Salaries

Nearly forty years ago Congress established the salary of a primary examiner at $2,500. (9 Statutes at Large, 231) Today his salary is one hundred dollars less. In 1855 the salaries of the assistant examiners were established as they at present exist. I regard these allowances as inadequate, and the practical result is that many of the most valuable examiners desert their employment every year to enter a more lucrative field. I respectfully recommend that the salary of the primary examiner be again restored to the annual compensation of $2,500. I also call attention to the fact that the salary of the Assistant Commissioner, which at present is $3,000 per year, is quite inadequate, and should be increased at least five hundred dollars. The general law also made provision that the salary of the Chief Clerk should be $2,500. Only $2,250 are appropriated yearly for this purpose. I recommend its reestablishment as it was originally. The law provides a salary of $2,000 per annum for the Law Clerk of this Office. This compensation is too small, and I respectfully recommend that it be increased to $2,500. The duties and responsibilities of the Financial Clerk of this Office are very great. His present compensation is $2,000. In my judgment it should be increased five hundred dollars. I also recommend an increase of one hundred dollars per year in the salaries of the model attendants now receiving $800.

I respectfully call attention to Appendix Q, page 271, of the "Estimates of the Appropriations, 1886-'87," where this subject is presented in a letter to the Secretary of the Interior.

With an ample force of reasonably well paid employees it would certainly follow that fewer errors would occur, much better work would result, important inventions would be acted upon and given to the country more speedily, and the usefulness as well as the revenues of the Office would be greatly enhanced, while many of the results which have brought more or less reproach upon the Patent office could and would be avoided.

Legislation

The Revised Statutes, section 4885, in regard to the date which a patent shall bear, section 4887, in regard to its limitation, section 4898, relating to assignments of patents and the record thereof, and section 4936, relating to the reimbursement of persons who have through mistake paid money into the Treasury for fees accruing at this Office, I commend respectfully to your careful attention. Some or all of these sections should probably be amended. Inasmuch, however, as I expect to be able to explain orally to the respective Committees on Patents my views upon these several statutes, I refrain from a further discussion of them here.

There is one other subject to which I wish to invite the especial attention of Congress. At the present time, in addition to his administrative duties, the Commissioner is called upon to hear all cases of appeal from the rejection of a patent by the Examiner in Chief, as well as to finally hear and determine all interference cases which may be appealed to him. Aside from the burden which this imposes upon the head of this Office there is a want of uniformity in the decisions which emanate from time to time from the respective Commissioners of Patents, which ought to be corrected. I know of no better way to correct this evil than the establishment of some tribunal, to consist of at least three judges, whose tenure of office shall be fixed, and to whom all appeals shall lie. I have no doubt that the establishment of such a tribunal with such jurisdiction would not only make it possible for the Commissioner to conduct a more successful administration of his Office, but would secure to inventors and to the public a much more intelligent and uniform exposition of the law of patents and of the important questions which now of necessity must be determined so hastily.

Conclusion

Thirty years ago there were but thirteen classes of inventions. Today we have in this Office one hundred and seventy seven distinct classes. In the year A.D. 1855, 4,435 applications for patents were received, while during the last calendar year this Office received 35,717 applications. The field of invention is widening so rapidly and the distinctions which are constantly required to be made have become so nice in many instances that the greatest care and skill are required to determine accurately what is new and what is old. Each year the history of invention becomes more elaborate and complicated, and no department of the Government more needs the services of men who are not only learned in the sciences, but who have become familiar by constant association month by month and year by year with the histories written and unwritten of inventions and the arts. I take no risk in saying that the business as well as the importance of this Office are very little understood throughout the country generally. I feel entire confidence in saying that it needs but to be understood to be appreciated and cordially commended.
 


                      Receipts



Detailed statement of all moneys received for patents, for 

copies of records or drawings, or from any source whatever



Applications

    Cash received                    $1,023,015.00

    Cash refunded                         3,600.00

                                      ____________

    Net cash                          1,019,415.00

    Certificates of deposit              54,675.00

                                      ____________

        Total cash and certificates   1,074,000.00

                                      ============



Copies

    Cash received                        74,916.70

    Cash refunded                         2,123.15

                                         _________

    Net cash                             72,793.55

    Certificates of deposit                 623.30

                                         _________

        Total cash and certificates      73,416.85

                                         =========



Recording assignments

    Cash received                        25,659.25

    Cash refunded                         1,604.15

                                         _________

    Net cash                             24,055.10

    Certificates of deposit                 312.40

                                         _________

        Total cash and certificates      24,367.50

                                         =========



Subscription to Official Gazette

    Cash received                        13,150.45

    Cash refunded                            76.10

                                         _________

    Net cash                             13,074.35

    Certificates of deposit                  67.45

                                         _________

        Total cash and certificates      13,141.80

                                         =========



Registration of labels

    Cash received                         4,332.00

    Cash refunded                         1,326.00

                                          ________

    Net cash                              3,006.00

    Certificates of deposit                  36.00

                                          ________

        Total cash and certificates       3,042.00

                                          ========

Sale of old iron                             31.00

                                             =====



                 Aggregates



Cash received                        $1,141,104.40

Cash refunded                             8,729.40

                                      ____________

Net cash                              1,132,375.00

Certificates of deposit                  55,714.15

                                      ____________

    Total cash and certificates       1,188,089.15

                                      ============



                  Expenditures



Amount expended by this Office under the several appropriations 

from January 1, 1885, to December 31, 1885



Salaries                     $593,599.00

Official Gazette               44,833.42

Photolithographing             85,296.95

Scientific library              4,532.19

Transportation of publications 

  to foreign governments          188.80

                              __________

    Total                     728,450.36

                              ==========

Approximate amount expended by the Department of the Interior on account of this Office from January 1, 1885, to December 31, 1885 [fn.: A literal compliance with the provisions of the statute requiring "a detailed statement of all expenditures for contingent and miscellaneous expenses" is not possible, for the reason that the contingent fund for the several bureaus of this Department was consolidated by the act of March 3, 1883, and hence no part of that fund is disbursed by the Patent Office, and I am furnished only with an approximate sum, supposed to have been so expended on behalf of the Patent Office.]
 


Stationery                                             $11,416.38

Postage on foreign matter                                  831.00

Printing and binding                                   230,863.93

Watch force                                             16,690.00

Contingent expenses, (including furniture, hardware, 

  carpets, ice, file holders, desks, cases, washing 

  towels, keeping of horse, etc., telephone, winding 

  clocks, and sundries)                                 35,127.18

                                                      ___________

    Total                                              295,928.49

                                                     ============

Aggregate amount of expenditures                     1,024,378.85

                                                     ============



               Receipts over Expenditures



Total receipts            $1,188,089.15

Total expenditures         1,024,378.85

                           ____________

Receipts over expenditures   163,710.30

                           ============



Statement of balance in the Treasury of the United States on 

account of the Patent Fund



Amount to the credit of the fund January 1, 1885    $2,781,695.28

Amount of receipts during the year 1885              1,188,089.15

                                                     ____________

    Total                                            3,969,734.43

Deduct expenditures for year 1885                    1,024,378.85

                                                     ____________

Balance January 1, 1886                              2,945,405.58

                                                     ============



Summary of the Business of the Patent Office



Number of applications for patents for inventions          34,607

Number of applications for patents for designs                862

Number of applications for reissues of patents                158

                                                           ______

    Total number of applications relating to patents       35,717

                                                           ======



Number of caveats filed                                     2,552

Number of applications for registration of trade marks      1,220

Number of applications for registration of labels             728

Number of disclaimers filed                                    13

Number of appeals on the merits                               782

                                                           ______

    Total                                                   5,295

                                                           ______

    Total number of applications requiring 

        investigation and action                           41,012

                                                           ======



Number of patents issued, including designs                24,103

Number of patents reissued                                    129

Number of trade marks registered                            1,067

Number of labels registered                                   391

                                                           ______

    Total                                                  25,691



Number of patents expired during the year                  12,544

Number of patents withheld for non-payment of final fee     3,588





Patents Issued



Patents issued to citizens of the United States, with the 

ratio of population to each patent granted

States and Territories     Patents     One to

                             and       every

                           Designs



Alabama                        85      14,853

Arizona Territory               8       5,055

Arkansas                       77      10,422

California                    588       1,470

Colorado                      140       1,388

Connecticut                 1,011         615

Dakota Territory               47       2,876

Delaware                       31       4,729

District of Columbia          148       1,200

Florida                        25      10,779

Georgia                       144      10,709

Idaho Territory                 6       5,435

Illinois                    1,907       1,613

Indiana                       777       2,546

Indian Territory                3          --

Iowa                          457       3,554

Kansas                        230       4,330

Kentucky                      228       7,231

Louisiana                      76      12,367

Maine                         156       4,159

Maryland                      284       3,292

Massachusetts               2,243         794

Michigan                      847       1,932

Minnesota                     236       3,308

Mississippi                    70      16,165

Missouri                      705       3,075

Montana Territory              22       1,779

Nebraska                      129       3,506

Nevada                         10       6,226

New Hampshire                 145       2,393

New Jersey                  1,115       1,014

New Mexico Territory           12       9,963

New York                    4,532       1,121

North Carolina                 81      17,280

Ohio                        1,837       1,740

Oregon                         57       3,066

Pennsylvania                2,454       1,745

Rhode Island                  287         963

South Carolina                 80      12,444

Tennessee                     159      10,147

Texas                         277       5,746

Utah Territory                 36       3,998

Vermont                       115       2,889

Virginia                      116      13,039

Washington Territory           22       3,414

West Virginia                  70       8,835

Wisconsin                     469       2,804

Wyoming Territory               3       6,929

United States Army              2          --

United States Navy              3          --

    Total                  22,555



Patents issued to citizens of foreign countries

Argentine Republic             1

Australia                      1

Austria-Hungary               44

Belgium                       24

Brazil                         3

British Guiana                 1

Canada                       284

Cape of Good Hope              1

Central America                1

Chili                          3

China                          1

Corea                          1

Cuba                           4

Denmark                       20

Egypt                          1

England                      549

France                       138

Germany                      298

Ireland                        9

Italy                          5

Mexico                         9

Netherland                    10

Newfoundland                   4

New South Wales (Australia)    3

New Zealand                    5

Norway                         8

Peru                           1

Russia                         8

Scotland                      34

South Australia                1

Spain                          8

Sweden                        18

Switzerland                   44

United States of Columbia      1

Victoria (Australia)           4

West Indies                    2

    Total                  1,549





Comparative statement of the business of the Office from 1837 

to 1885, inclusive



Years Applica- Caveats Patents   Cash        Cash        Surplus

       tions    Filed  Issued   Received    Expended



1837                    435   $29,289.08   $33,506.98            

1838                    520    42,123.54    37,402.10   $4,721.44

1839                    425    37,260.00    34,543.51    2,716.49

1840     765    228     473    38,056.51    39,020.67

1841     847    312     495    40,413.01    52,666.87

1842     761    391     517    36,505.68    31,241.48    5,264.20

1843     819    315     531    35,315.81    30,766.96    4,538.85

1844   1,045    380     502    42,509.26    36,244.73    6,264.53

1845   1,246    452     502    51,076.14    39,395.65   11,680.49

1846   1,272    448     619    50,264.16    46,158.71    4,105.45

1847   1,531    553     572    63,111.19    41,878.35   21,232.84

1848   1,628    607     660    67,576.69    58,905.84    8,670.85

1849   1,955    595   1,070    80,752.78    77,716.44    3,036.54

1850   2,193    602     995    86,927.05    80,100.95    6,816.10

1851   2,258    760     869    95,738.61    86,916.93    8,821.68

1852   2,639    996   1,020   112,656.34    95,916.91   16,739.43

1853   2,673    901     958   121,527.45   132,869.83

1854   3,324    868   1,902   163,789.84   167,146.32

1855   4,435    906   2,024   216,459.35   179,540.33   36,919.02

1856   4,960  1,024   2,502   192,588.02   199,931.02

1857   4,771  1,010   2,910   196,132.01   211,582.09

1858   5,364    943   3,710   203,716.16   193,193.74   10,592.42

1859   6,225  1,097   4,538   245,942.15   210,278.41   35,663.74

1860   7,653  1,084   4,819   256,352.59   252.820.80    3,531.79

1861   4,643    700   3,340   137,354.44   221,491.91

1862   5,038    824   3,521   215,754.99   182,810.39   32,944.60

1863   6,014    787   4,170   195,593.29   189,414.14    6,179.15

1864   6,972  1,063   5,020   240,919.98   229,868.00   11,051.98

1865  10,664  1,937   6,616   348,791.84   274,199.34   74,593.50

1866  15,269  2,723   9,450   495,665.38   361,724.28  133,941.10

1867  21,276  3,597  13,015   646,581.92   639,263.32    7,318.60

1868  20,420  3,705  13,378   684,565.86   628,679.77   52,866.09

1869  19,271  3,624  13,986   693,145.81   486,430.78  206,715.03

1870  19,171  3,273  13,321   669,476.76   557,149.19  112,307.57

1871  19,472  3,624  13,033   678,716.46   560.595.08  118,121.38

1872  18,246  3,090  13,590   699,726.39   665,591.36   34,135.03

1873  20,414  3,248  12,864   703,191.77   691.178.98   12,012.79

1874  21,602  3,181  13,599   738,278.17   679,288.41   58,989.76

1875  21,638  3,094  16,288   743,453.36   721,657.71   21,795.65

1876  21,425  2,697  17,026   757,987.65   652,542.60  105,445.05

1877  20,308  2,869  13,619   732,342.85   613,152.62  119,190.23

1878  20,260  2,755  12,935   725,375.55   593,082.89  132,292.66

1879  20,059  2,620  12,725   703,931.47   529,638.97  174,292.50

1880  23,012  2,490  13,947   749,685.32   538,865.17  210,820.15

1881  26,059  2,406  16,584   853,665.89   605,173.28  238,492.61

1882  31,522  2,553  19,267 1,009,219.45   683,867.67  325,351.78

1833  34,576  2,741  22,383 1,146,240.00   675,234.86  471,005.14

1884  35,600  2,582  20,413 1,075,798.80   970,579.76  105,219.04

1885  35,717  2,552  24,233 1,188,098.15 1,024,378.85  163,710.30

Statement showing the number of the first patent, design patent and reissued patent, and the number of the first certificate of registration of a trade mark and a label issued in each calendar year since July 28, 1836, when the present series of numbers of letters patent commenced, together with the total number of each issued during the year. The number of patents granted prior to the commencement of this series of numbering (July 28, 1836) was 9,957. [Divided for convenience of typing into two tables KWD]
 


     Number of first patent and certificate issued 

                 in each calendar year



Year         Patents  Designs  Reissues  Trade   Labels

                                         Marks



1836 July 28       1

1837             110

1838             546                 1

1839           1,061                 7

1840           1,465                20

1841           1,923                30

1842           2,413                36

1843           2,901        1       49

1844           3,395       15       60

1845           3,872       27       67

1846           4,348       44       78

1847           4,914      103       91

1848           5,409      163      105

1849           5,992      209      128

1850           6,981      258      158

1851           7,865      341      184

1852           8,622      431      209

1853           9,512      540      229

1854          10,358      626      258

1855          12,117      683      286

1856          14,008      753      337

1857          16,324      860      420

1858          19,010      973      517

1859          22,477    1,075      643

1860          26,642    1,183      874

1861          31,005    1,366    1,106

1862          34,045    1,508    1,253

1863          37,266    1,703    1,369

1864          41,047    1,879    1,596

1865          45,685    2,018    1,844

1866          51,784    2,239    2,140

1867          60,658    2,533    2,430

1868          72,959    2,858    2,830

1869          85,503    3,304    3,250

1870          98,460    3,810    3,784       1

1871         110,617    4,547    4,223     122

1872         122,304    5,442    4,687     608

1873         134,504    6,336    5,216   1,099

1874         146,120    7,083    5,717   1,591       1

1875         158,350    7,969    6,299   2,150     233

1876         171,671    8,884    6,831   3,288     465

1877         185,813    9,686    7,452   4,247     937

1878         198,733   10,385   *8,920   5,463   1,329

                                *sic, actually 8,020

1879         211,078   10,975    8,529   6,918   1,821

1880         223,211   11,567    9,017   7,790   2,176

1881         236,137   12,082    9,523   8,139   2,379

1882         251,137   12,647    9,994   8,973   2,581

1883         269,820   13,508   10,265   9,920   2,885

1884         291,016   14,528   10,432  10,882   3,791

1885         310,163   15,678   10,548  11,843   4,304

1886         333,494   16,451   10,677  12,910   4,695





   Number of patents and certificates of registration 

          issued during each calendar year



Year       Patents  Designs  Reissues  Total Trade  Labels  Total

                                     Patents Marks         Certi-

                                                          ficates

1836 July 28   109

1837           436

1838           515             6

1839           404            13

1840           458            10

1841           490             6

1842           488            13

1843           494      14    11       510

1844           477      12     7       495

1845           476      17    11       504

1846           566      59    13       638

1847           495      60    14       569

1848           583      46    23       652

1849           989      49    30     1,068

1850           884      83    26       993

1851           757      90    25       872

1852           800     100    20     1,019

1853           846      86    29       961

1854         1,759      57    28     1,844

1855         1,891      70    51     2,012

1856         2,316     107    83     2,506

1857         2,686     113    97     2,896

1858         3,467     102   126     3,695

1859         4,165     108   231     4,504

1860         4,363     183   232     4,778

1861         3,040     142   147     3,329

1862         3,221     195   116     3,532

1863         3,781     176   227     4,184

1864         4,638     139   248     5,025

1865         6,099     221   296     6,616

1866         8,874     294   290     9,458

1867         12,301    325   400    13,026

1868         12,544    446   420    13,410

1869         12,957    596   534    13,997

1870         12,157    737   439    13,333     121            121

1871         11,687    905   464    13,056     486            486

1872         12,200    884   529    13,613     491            491

1873         11,616    747   501    12,864     492            492

1874         12,230    886   483    13,599     557     232    791

1875         13,291    915   631    14,837   1,138     232  1,370

1876         14,172    802   621    15,595     959     472  1,431

1877         12,920    699   568    14,187   1,216     392  1,608

1878         12,345    590   509    13,444   1,455     492  1,947

1879         12,133    592   488    13,213     872     355  1,227

1880         12,926    515   506    13,947     349     203    522

1881         15,548    565   471    16,584     836     202  1,038

1882         18,135    861   271    19,267     947     304  1,251

1883         21,196  1,020   167    22,383     902     906  1,808

1884         19,147  1,150   116    20,413   1,021     513  1,534

1885         23,331    773   129    24,233   1,067     391  1,458

I confidently invoke the careful consideration of Congress to the various matters which are submitted in this imperfect report.

All of which is respectfully submitted.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

M.V. Montgomery, Commissioner

 

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